IOT yana nufin tarin ainihin lokaci na kowane abu ko tsari wanda ke buƙatar kulawa, haɗawa, da mu'amala, da sautinsa, haske, zafi, wutar lantarki, injiniyoyi, sunadarai, ilmin halitta, wurin da sauran bayanan da ake buƙata ta hanyoyi daban-daban. hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar na'urori da fasaha daban-daban kamar na'urori masu auna firikwensin bayanai, fasahar tantance mitar rediyo, tsarin sakawa na duniya, na'urori masu auna firikwensin infrared, na'urar daukar hoto ta Laser, da sauransu. , ganewa da sarrafa abubuwa da matakai.Intanet na Abubuwa ita ce mai ɗaukar bayanai dangane da Intanet, cibiyar sadarwa ta al'ada, da sauransu, wanda ke ba da damar duk wani abu na zahiri na yau da kullun waɗanda za a iya magance kansu su samar da hanyar sadarwa mai haɗin gwiwa.
Gabatarwa ga matakan sadarwa a cikin Intanet na Duniyar Abubuwa
Ana iya raba fasahar sadarwa ta Intanet na Abubuwa zuwa gajeriyar tazara da nisa mai nisa bisa ga kewayon watsa sigina.Fasahar watsawa ta ɗan gajeren nesa bisa manyan fasahohin sun haɗa da Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Z-Wave, Thread, Bluetooth™, Wi-SUN, da dai sauransu. Ana amfani da shi ne akan na'urorin hannu da ake da su kamar wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar hannu da na'urorin sawa. ko gida mai wayo, masana'anta mai wayo da hasken wuta da sauran fagage.A da, fasahohin sadarwa na nesa sun fi 2G, 3G, 4G da sauran fasahohin sadarwar wayar hannu.Koyaya, saboda buƙatun watsawa daban-daban na Intanet na Abubuwa (iot), irin su babban bandwidth da ƙarancin jinkiri, yawancin aikace-aikacen iot suna da ƙananan buƙatun fakitin bayanai da babban jinkirin jinkiri, kuma a lokaci guda suna buƙatar rufe ƙari ko zurfi. cikin kasa da sauran wuraren da aka yi garkuwa da su.Ga waɗannan aikace-aikacen da ke sama, an ƙirƙiri fasahar sadarwa mai nisa mai nisa da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, wacce aka haɗa tare da Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), kuma NB-IoT ita ce babbar fasahar sadarwar bakan don lasisin mai amfani.Mai zuwa shine zane mai sauƙi na tsarin tsarin Intanet na Abubuwa.
Fasahar sadarwa mara waya ta gajere: Tsawon mil na Ƙarshe na Intanet na Duniya
Idan an zaɓi zaɓin bisa ga halayen fasahar sadarwar mara waya ta nesa mai nisa, sadarwar gajeriyar tazara tare da babban microcontroller yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin na'urar tasha, musamman tare da firikwensin tattara bayanai.
WIFI: Mara waya ta LAN dangane da ma'aunin IEEE 802.11, ana iya ɗaukarsa azaman gajeriyar nisa mara waya ta LAN mai waya.Duk abin da kuke buƙatar saita WIFI shine AP mara waya ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, kuma farashin yana da ƙasa.
Zigbee:ya dogara ne akan ma'aunin IEEE802.15.4 na ƙananan gudu, ɗan gajeren nesa, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ka'idar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa mara waya ta hanyoyi biyu, wacce kuma aka sani da ka'idar kudan zuma purple.Siffofin: Matsakaicin kusanci, ƙarancin rikitarwa, tsarin kai (daidaitawar kai, gyaran kai, da sarrafa kai), ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da ƙarancin bayanai.An raba ka'idojin ZigBee zuwa Layer na jiki (PHY), Layer access Control Layer (MAC), Layer Transport (TL), Layer Network (NWK), da aikace-aikace Layer (APL) daga kasa zuwa sama.Layer na zahiri da Layer ikon samun damar kafofin watsa labarai sun dace da ma'aunin IEEE 802.15.4.Ana amfani da shi musamman don aikace-aikacen Sensor da Sarrafa.Yana iya aiki a cikin nau'ikan mitar mita uku na 2.4GHz(sanannen duniya), 868MHz (Shahararriyar Turai) da 915MHZ (Shahararriyar Amurka), tare da mafi girman adadin watsawa na 250kbit/s, 20kbit/s da 40kbit/s, bi da bi.Nisan watsa batu guda ɗaya a cikin kewayon 10-75m, ZigBee dandamali ne na watsa bayanai mara igiyar waya wanda ya ƙunshi ɗaya zuwa 65535 na'urorin watsa bayanan mara waya, a cikin kewayon cibiyar sadarwa, kowane tsarin watsa bayanan cibiyar sadarwa na ZigBee zai iya sadarwa da juna, daga daidaitaccen nisa na 75m don haɓaka mara iyaka.Nodes na ZigBee suna da ƙarfi sosai, tare da batura waɗanda ke wucewa daga watanni shida zuwa kusan shekaru biyu kuma har zuwa shekaru 10 a yanayin bacci,
Z-Wave: Yana da ɗan gajeren kewayon fasahar sadarwa mara igiyar waya dangane da RF, ƙarancin farashi, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, babban aminci da dacewa da hanyar sadarwa, wanda Zensys, kamfanin Danish ke jagoranta.Ƙungiyar mitar aiki ita ce 908.42MHz (Amurka) ~ 868.42MHz (Turai), kuma FSK (BFSK/GFSK) yanayin daidaitawa.Adadin watsa bayanai shine 9.6 kb zuwa 40kb/s, kuma ingantaccen kewayon siginar shine 30m a cikin gida da fiye da 100m a waje, wanda ya dace da kunkuntar aikace-aikacen watsa labarai.Z-Wave yana amfani da fasaha mai tsauri mai ƙarfi.Kowace hanyar sadarwa ta Z-Wave tana da adireshin cibiyar sadarwar ta (HomeID).Adireshin (NodeID) na kowane kumburi a cikin hanyar sadarwa an sanya shi ta Mai Kulawa.Kowace cibiyar sadarwa na iya ɗaukar matsakaicin nodes 232 (Bayi), gami da nodes masu sarrafawa.Zensys yana ba da Labura Mai Haɗin Kai (DLL) don haɓaka Windows da masu haɓaka ayyukan API a ciki don ƙirar software na PC.Cibiyar sadarwa mara igiyar waya da fasahar Z-Wave ta gina ba kawai ba za ta iya gane ikon nesa na kayan gida ta hanyar kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa ba, har ma da sarrafa kayan aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwar Z-Wave ta hanyar sadarwar Intanet.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-02-2023
